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Renal Failure, Acute
eMedicine — Overview: Until recently, a systematic definition of acute renal failure (ARF) was lacking, which led to significant confusion both clinically and in the medical literature. In 2004, the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) group published ...More…
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Hemorrhagic Fever With Renal Failure Syndrome
eMedicine — Overview: Hemorrhagic fever with renal failure syndrome (HFRS) occurs mainly in Europe and Asia and is characterized by fever and renal failure associated with hemorrhagic manifestations. HFRS is caused by an airborne contact with secretions from ...More…
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Renal Failure, Chronic and Dialysis Complications
eMedicine — Overview: Chronic renal failure (CRF) requiring dialysis or transplantation is known as end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In the United States, diabetic nephropathy, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis cause approximately 75% of all adult cases. ...More…
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Chronic Renal Failure
eMedicine — Overview: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem and is now recognized as a common condition that is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and chronic renal failure (CRF). The Kidney Disease ...More…
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Acute Renal Failure
eMedicine — Overview: Acute renal failure (ARF) or acute kidney injury (AKI), as it is now referred to in the literature, is defined as an abrupt or rapid decline in renal filtration function. This condition is usually marked by ... Assistant Professor, ...More…
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Vesicoureteral Reflux
eMedicine — Overview: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is characterized by the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder to the kidneys. VUR may be associated with urinary tract infection (UTI), hydronephrosis, and abnormal kidney development (renal dysplasia). ...More…
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Uremic Encephalopathy
eMedicine — Overview: Uremia describes the final stage of progressive renal insufficiency and the resultant multiorgan failure. It results from accumulating metabolites of proteins and amino acids and concomitant failure of renal catabolic, metabolic, and ...More…
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Transplants, Renal
eMedicine — Overview: Since the first transplantation of a kidney from one human to another in 1954, renal transplantation has evolved from the realm of experimental medicine to the commonplace. It is now the preferred treatment for end-stage renal disease, ...More…
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Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
eMedicine — Overview: Moschcowitz originally described thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) in 1925, noting the unusual and fatal combination of fever, hemolytic anemia, renal and cardiac failure, and neurologic dysfunction in a 16-year-old female ...More…
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More on Rhabdomyolysis
eMedicine — Overview: Rhabdomyolysis is a syndrome caused by injury to skeletal muscle and involves leakage of large quantities of intracellular contents into plasma.1 It translates to dissolution of skeletal muscle and is a final pathway of diverse ...More…
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Renovascular Hypertension
eMedicine — Overview: Renovascular hypertension (RVHT) denotes the causal relationship between anatomically evident arterial occlusive disease and elevated blood pressure. The coexistence of renal arterial vascular (ie, renovascular) disease and hypertension ...More…
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Renal Disease and Pregnancy
eMedicine — Overview: Physiologic changes occurring in pregnancy involve nearly every organ system, and the kidneys are no exception. This article focuses not only on renal diseases that occur in pregnancy but also on how pregnancy affects chronic renal ...More…