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Wermer Syndrome (MEN Type 1)

eMedicine — Overview: Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes consist of 2 categories, MEN 1 and MEN 2. Since 1975, MEN 2 (Sipple syndrome) has been subcategorized into MEN 2a and MEN 2b.The combination of parathyroid tumors, pancreatic islet cell ...More…
Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

eMedicine — Overview: The diagnosis and therapy for nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) has evolved over the past 3 decades from passive diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy with medical therapy until surgical intervention was needed to ...More…
Schatzki Ring

eMedicine — Overview: Since the 1950s, several investigators have published reports of patients with dysphagia who had associated lower esophageal ringlike constrictions, but each investigator had a different opinion as to the cause and nature of these ...More…
Postcholecystectomy Syndrome

eMedicine — Overview: The term postcholecystectomy syndrome (PCS) describes the presence of symptoms after cholecystectomy. These symptoms can represent either the continuation of symptoms thought to be caused by the gallbladder or the development of new ...More…
Mallory-Weiss Tear

eMedicine — Overview: Mallory-Weiss syndrome is characterized by upper gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to longitudinal mucosal lacerations at the gastroesophageal junction or gastric cardia. The original description by Mallory and Weiss in 1929 involved ...More…
Luigi Santacroce, MD,

eMedicine — Overview: In 1983, Warren (a biologist) and Marshall (a clinician) described Helicobacter pylori (HP). At first, they named the bacterium Campylobacter pyloridis. Later, it was named Campylobacter pylori. Since then, a large number of reports ...More…
Gastritis, Atrophic

eMedicine — Overview: Atrophic gastritis is a histopathological entity characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa with loss of gastric glandular cells and replacement by intestinal-type epithelium, pyloric-type glands, and fibrous tissue. ...More…
Gastrinoma

eMedicine — Overview: A gastrinoma is a gastrin-secreting tumor that can occur in the pancreas, although it is most commonly found in the duodenum. Duodenal wall gastrinomas have been identified in 40-50% of patients. These duodenal wall tumors are ...More…
Gastric Ulcers

eMedicine — Overview: Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is one of the most common diseases affecting the GI tract. It causes inflammatory injuries in the gastric or duodenal mucosa, with extension beyond the submucosa into the muscularis mucosa. The etiologies ...More…
Esophagus, Carcinoma

eMedicine — Overview: Cancer of the esophagus remains a devastating disease because it is usually not detected until it has progressed to an advanced incurable stage. Modern imaging techniques, including barium esophagography, contrast-enhanced computed ...More…
Esophageal Webs and Rings

eMedicine — Overview: Rings and webs are the most common structural abnormalities in the esophagus. The terminology, pathogenesis, and treatment of these esophageal lesions remain controversial. The terms rings and webs often are used interchangeably in the ...More…
Esophageal Hematoma

eMedicine — Overview: Esophageal hematoma is a rare condition that can be spontaneous or secondary to trauma, toxic ingestion, or medical intervention. Marks and Keet reported a case of a spontaneous intramural hematoma of the esophagus in 1968. This ...More…

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