Neurological Disorders

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Anatomy of spinal column with vertebrae

Lucile Packard Children's Hospital — Acute spinal cord injury (SCI) is due to a traumatic injury that either results in a bruise, a partial tear, or a complete tear in the spinal cord. The spinal cord is a bundle of nerves that carries messages between the brain and the rest of the ...More…
What is a head injury?

Lucile Packard Children's Hospital — Head injuries are one of the most common causes of disability and death in children. Head injuries are one of the most common causes of disability and death in children. The injury can be as mild as a bump, bruise (contusion), or cut on the head, ...More…
What is spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)?

Lucile Packard Children's Hospital — Spinal muscular atrophy is a rare degenerative problem that affects the spinal cord and nerves, resulting in muscle wasting and weakness. SMA is an autosomal recessive disease. This means that both males and females are equally affected, and that ...More…
What causes myasthenia gravis?

Lucile Packard Children's Hospital — Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a complex, autoimmune disorder in which antibodies destroy neuromuscular connections. Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a complex, autoimmune disorder in which antibodies destroy neuromuscular connections. This causes problems ...More…
What is muscular dystrophy?

Lucile Packard Children's Hospital — Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a broad term that describes a genetic (inherited) disorder of the muscles. Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a broad term that describes a genetic (inherited) disorder of the muscles. Muscular dystrophy causes the muscles in ...More…
What is Reye syndrome?

Lucile Packard Children's Hospital — Reye syndrome is a rare condition that affects the normal chemical balance in the body, resulting in damage to the brain, kidneys, and liver. Reye syndrome is a rare condition that affects the normal chemical balance in the body, resulting in ...More…
What is meningitis?

Lucile Packard Children's Hospital — A corticosteroid, or steroid, such as dexamethasone, is generally given for bacterial meningitis in children. Antibiotics work by breaking the bacteria into fragments - these fragments may cause inflammation. The steroid works by decreasing the ...More…
Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Lucile Packard Children's Hospital — Guillain-Barré syndrome is a temporary disorder that affects the nerves in the body and can result in muscle weakness, pain, and even temporary paralysis of the facial, chest, and leg muscles. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a temporary disorder ...More…
What is encephalitis?

Lucile Packard Children's Hospital — Encephalitis is a term used to describe inflammation of the brain. Encephalitis is a term used to describe inflammation of the brain. This condition causes problems with the brain and spinal cord function. The inflammation causes the brain to ...More…
What is a brain abscess?

Lucile Packard Children's Hospital — A brain abscess is an infection in the brain that is encapsulated and localized to one or more areas inside of the brain. A brain abscess is an infection in the brain that is encapsulated (confined within its own area) and localized to one or ...More…
Periventricular Leukomalacia (PVL)

Lucile Packard Children's Hospital — Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is damage and softening of the white matter. Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is damage and softening of the white matter, the inner part of the brain that transmits information between the nerve cells and the ...More…
What is intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH)?

Lucile Packard Children's Hospital — Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is bleeding inside or around the ventricles, the spaces in the brain containing the cerebral spinal fluid. Intraventricular hemorrhage is most common in premature babies, especially very low birthweight babies ...More…

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