Health > Childhood & Adolescence Encyclopedia

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  • Year-Round School

    Healthline — Refers to a reorganization of the traditional 180-day school calendar so that children attend school in every season of the year. In year-round schools, children attend all year with more frequent, shorter breaks taking the place of the 10-week ...More…

  • Working Mothers

    Healthline — Working mothers, as a label, refers to women who are mothers and who work outside the home for income in addition to the work they perform at home in raising their children. As of the early 2000s, more mothers in the United States are working ...More…

  • Withdrawal Behavior

    Healthline — Tendency to avoid either unfamiliar persons, locations, or situations. Withdrawal behavior is characterized by the tendency to avoid the unfamiliar, either people, places, or situations. Though withdrawal, or avoidance, can be the result of a ...More…

  • Williams syndrome

    Healthline — Williams syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by a deletion of a series of genes on chromosome 7q11. Individuals with Williams syndrome have distinctive facial features, mild mental retardation, heart and blood vessel problems, short stature, ...More…

  • Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT-R)

    Healthline — The Wide Range Achievement Test is a test of basic academic skills for ages 5-adult, covering reading (word recognition and pronunciation), written spelling, and arithmetic. It is used for educational placement, identification of strengths, ...More…

  • Whole Language

    Healthline — Refers to a method of literacy instruction which is based on the theory that children can learn written language (reading and writing) as effortlessly as they learn spoken language. Proponents of whole language believe that, if children are ...More…

  • Well Baby Examination

    Healthline — Examinations held regularly during the first two years of life during which the pediatrician can monitor and advise on the baby's growth and development. The features of a well-baby examination or "checkup" include: Taking a history. During ...More…

  • Wechsler Intelligence Scales

    Healthline — A widely used series of intelligence tests developed by clinical psychologist David Wechsler. Their most distinctive feature is their division into a verbal section and a nonverbal (or "performance") section, with separate scores available for . ...More…

  • Weaning

    Healthline — The process of decreasing breastfeeding and introducing other replacement forms of nutrition to a baby or toddler, such as bottlefeeding, cupfeeding, and solid foods. Weaning can occur at widely varying ages, according to culture, family, and ...More…

  • Vomiting

    Healthline — Forcibly disgorging the contents of the stomach through the mouth. Vomiting in children has a wide range of causes, from ordinary cases of stomach flu that spontaneously resolve within days to serious disorders of the digestive tract and other ...More…

  • Vocational Education

    Healthline — At the secondary school level, a curricular track, program, or course designed to prepare students to enter the workforce immediately after high school in a skilled occupation, as opposed to college preparatory or academic programs.. Vocational ...More…

  • Vitamins and Minerals

    Healthline — Groups of nutrients that the human body needs in order to remain healthy and function normally. Vitamins are organic substances, small amounts of which are needed for certain biochemical reactions in the human body. Minerals are inorganic ...More…


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